THE HADITH FOR BEGINNERS: By Dr. Muhammad Zubayr Siddiqi – 1961-Page:21/22 INTRODUCTION (CONTD FROM 18) Far more important than the contributions of Sprenger, Goldziher and others is the Concordance and Indices of Muslim Tradition, which is based upon the sixcanonical collections, the Sunan of al-Darimi, the Muwatta of Imam Malik and the Musnad of Ahmad b. Hanbal. It was originally planned by Juynboll, Wensinck, Horovitz and some other Orientalists, was patronized by the Royal Academy of Amsterdam, and aided by more than a dozen Academies and educational institutions of different countries. The work has been continued by de Haas, with the assistance of M. Fu'ad 'Abd al-Baqi and others. The actual work of preparing the Concordance was begun in 1916 and was continued by about 40 scholars of different countries. The first part of it was published in 1936, and the twenty-sixth part of it was published in 1961. It consists of all the important expressions occurring in the entire range of works mentioned above, in alphabetical order, personal names, etc., being reserved for the last parts. This huge work is of great and permanent value, and is sure to serve as a solid foundation for all the important future wirks on the various aspects of Arabic literature and of Hadith literature in particular. Western scholars, however, have introduced into the study of Hadith the modern critical method of literary and historical research, and tried to show that Hadit literature in general is of apocryphal origin and doubtful chatacter. They give the following reasons in support of their conclusions:- A) Hadith literature is largely based on mere oral transmission carried on for more than a century, and as such of the Hadith Collections as we have received do not refer to any records Ahadith which may have been made at an earlier period. B) The number of Ahadith in the later collections is much larger than the number of those contained earlier collections or in the early works on Islamic law. This, according to them, shows that most of the Ahadith are of doubtful character. C) The Ahadith reported by younger Companions are much larger in number than those related by the older Companions, which, they assert, shows that the isnads attached to these Ahadith are not quite reliable. D) The system of Isnad was arbitrarily applied to Hadith not earlier than the end of first century of Hijra; and it is no proof of the genuineness of the Tradition to which it attaches. E) Many of the Ahadith contradict one another. F) There is definite evidence of large-scale forgery of the Isnad as well as of the text of Ahadith. G) The Muslim critics confined their criticism of Hadith solely to Isnad, and never criticized their texts. Many of these questions have been discussed in detail in Chapters: 1, VI and VIII of this book. Here only a brief comment upon them may be made:- To be contd Chapter 150 917. Mu`adh bin Jabal (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "He whose last words are: `La ilaha illallah' (There is no true god except Allah) will enter Jannah.'' Commentary: This Hadith says that if a man's tongue spontaneously starts uttering the basic testification of Islam: "None has the right to be worshipped but Allah'' just before his death, he will undoubtedly enter Jannah. However, it is not definite whether he will go to Jannah in the first phase or will be admitted to it in the second phase after undergoing a purification process. This depends on the Will of Allah. Yet, admission to Jannah is subjected to his thorough understanding of monotheism and its conditions, that is to say, a complete abstinence from a polytheistic conduct of life. Otherwise, Jannah is likely to be denied to many of the so-called Muslims overtly indulging in polytheism. 918. Abu Sa`id Al-Khudri (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: The Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "Exhort your dying men to recite: `La ilaha illallah' (There is no true god except Allah).'' Commentary: This Hadith implies the Prophet's instruction to his followers to recite the testification of Islam: La ilaha illallah (There is no true god except Allah) beside the dying people so that they may also recite it after hearing it. Yet, they should not be urged to recite it (i.e., by saying to the dying person: say it, say it) lest they refuse in embarrassment involving an affront to Faith. May Allah guard us against such a thing!
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